Clinical applicability of in vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy for noninvasive diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of nonmelanoma skin cancer
Excisional biopsies and routine histology remains the gold standard for the histomorphologic evaluation of normal and diseased skin. However, there is increasing interest in the development of noninva...
Polarization ellipticity compensation in polarization second-harmonic generation microscopy without specimen rotation
In imaging anisotropic samples with optical microscopy, a controlled, polarized light source can be used to gain molecular information of fibrous materials such as muscles and collagen fibers. However...
Katrina M. Dipple University of California, Los Angeles, Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
Seymour R. Levin and Aksone Nouvong Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, California 90073 and University of California, Los Angeles, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
We present an evaluation of time-resolved fluorescencemeasurements on human skin for screening type 2 diabetes. Invivo human skin is excited with a pulse diode at375 nm and pulse width of 700 ps. Fluorescence decays are recordedat four different emission wavelengths: 442, 460, 478, and 496 nm.Experiments are performed at various locations, including the palms, arms,legs, and cheeks of a healthy Caucasian subject to testsingle-subject variability. The fluorescence decays obtained are modeled using athree-exponential decay. The variations in the lifetimes and amplitudes fromone location to another are minimal, except on the cheek.We compare the fluorescent decays of 38 diabetic subjects and37 nondiabetic subjects, with different skin complexions and of agesranging from 6 to 85 yr. The average lifetimes fornondiabetic subjects were 0.5, 2.6, and 9.2 ns with fractional amplitudesof 0.78, 0.18, and 0.03, respectively. The effects of averagehemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from the previous 4 yr and diabetesduration are evaluated. While no significant differences between the fluorescencelifetimes of nondiabetic and diabetic subjects are observed, two ofthe fractional amplitudes are statistically different. Additionally, none of thesix fluorescence parameters correlated with diabetes duration or HbA1c. Oneof the lifetimes as well as two of the fractionalamplitudes differ between diabetic subjects with foot ulcers and nondiabeticsubjects.
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